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Casinos. History of gambling in brief
The game is a very peculiar aspect of human life, its own laws not in the frame traditional logic to fit. Here reigns His Majesty Chance and everything is relative: the weak can defeat the strong, the library can make a fool of himself, the poor can become rich, and vice versa.
Gamble opens up new possibilities of personality, not often found in normal life. Almost everyone wants to get rich immediately, without any effort. Game is a hope for this, but luck is destiny of the elect.
The origins of the game.
Game & Gamble has followed humanity for their first steps. A grain of gambling is apparently almost everything, from hunting in the primitive society, and to large financial Offers in the 21 Century. Elements of the game are inherent in many competitions and entertainment, which arranged our ancestors. For example, it is obvious in competitions Strength and skill, which were later transformed into the famous tournaments. Later appeared on the first gambling. They were based on the element of chance, the fate of attempts.
Historians believe the first game was casting various stones, shells, animal bones – these objects were the prototypes of the dice. Evidence of the first Games is preserved in the British Museum. Among this evidence are dice, by an unknown Egyptian craftsman from the elephant tusk made (16th century BC) and a board for the reproduction of designs, also called checkers which belonged to Queen Hatshepsut (1600 BC).
Historical evidence confirms that all civilizations played dice. Astragalus, ie shackles of the animals were mostly used as dice. The word "talus" and tetrahedral stones marked wells, hexahedron brick with slightly rounded corners, which adds the opposite facets, when, always in the rate of seven – the modern cube was similar.
In the old days, the people played odd and even, in circles or throwing dice, she tried to hit some holes. Dice also widely used for fortune telling. It is also interesting that dice, the players treated with almost reverent fear, as if the dice were still alive: the players talked with them, "whispered stimuli and tried to persuade bring victory.
Since its formation almost die at once became one of the wildest games of chance. The players put everything in their bet: money matters, housing and even the freedom (the old German, who lost meekly fell into cubes). At the same time there appeared various statutory prohibitions of this seemingly harmless game. For example, 3rd Century BC, the first in the history of law against gambling was announced passed. It was Lex aleatoria (alea means a die).
In ancient Greece there was a legend that the Olympian gods of the "spheres of influence", divided by casting lots (Zeus Olympus, Poseidon got the sea received and Hades, the underworld was a rule). The laws of ancient Rome officially forbade gambling, but there was no specific penalty for violating the ban. The only "punishment" for the players the players' right was defeated, he lost everything to recover, but if he that he was denied wrongly or unjustly. Officially, the games were only once allowed in the year, during the Saturnalia (annual festival in honor of the god Saturn).
Over the years, increases the importance of the game. There were new game Tricks, such as maps. Some researchers argue that the first cards appeared in China. In the Chinese dictionary mentioned Ching-tsze-tung (1678), that maps were in 1120 (by Christian era) is created and in 1132 they were already widespread. Maps of these times were long and narrow plates with numbers from 1 to 14 of them. Four suits symbolized four seasons, and the number of cards (52) corresponded to the number of weeks a year.
The prototype of the modern card game of tarot cards. The first written testimony that we know, refers to 1254, when Saint Louis issued an edict that forbade card game in France under the fear of punishment issued by the whip.
Other researchers call for Egypt, the home of the cards. The Tarot deck was used for divination. It had 78 leaves – arcana (22 seniors and 56 juniors). The Images on the Senior Arkan meet on golden tables that remain in the prison of God get killed in Egypt. Their names are as follows: 1 Fool, 2 Mage, 3 Priest, 4 Hostess, 5 Host; 6 High Priest; 7 Lovers; 8 Chariot; 9 Power, 10 Hermit; 11 The wheel of fortune; 12 Justice; 13 The hanged man; 14 Death; 15 Abstinence; 16. Devil 17 Tower; 18 Star; 19 Moon, 20 Sun 21 Court; 22 Peace.
It is assumed that the cards in Europe 10-11. Century reached during the Crusades in the Middle East. Others argue that the majority of card games were born in France, home of the European card is called. The first industrially produced Tarot deck contains 56 cards of four suits (swords, staffs, money, and cups). In addition, there are 22 trump cards with numbers 1 to 21 Each card had its own name: the emperor, the empress, the nun, the conjurer, the fool, etc. Thus, the integrated deck 97 cards. Gradually been replaced by new cards rather resembled the modern.
It is surprising that the symbols of the suits and the suits do not even since 15 Century change. In the Middle Ages Ages Card games were very popular among various strata of the population, from a royal court to the common people. By the way, were in those days maps not only a means to beguile the time, but also a symbol of the social structure: the heart represents the priests, meant the bourgeoisie diamonds, spades represented officers and aristocrats, Associations related to the farmers.
Modern card games (poker, blackjack) arose in the U.S. in the second half of the 19th Century. It is difficult to list them all. There are card games for adults and children, games for training logic and wit – and there are games that only deceive the time. The more mature is the individual, the more complex the games he plays. Having to be financially independent, he lets loose his gamble: makes bets, plays in the lotteries, makes bets on the totalizer and Finally, funds itself in the very temple of the game, the casino. Here, the individual completely submits to the game that sharpens his feelings and emotions and makes he forgot everything but the green cloth and roulette wheel. The thirst for such feelings always attracts those persons who have been at least once in the casino. Meanwhile say the skeptics: "If you win at the casino, make such a purchase will."
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Casinos. History of gambling in brief.
Dennis Phillips 2008 final table player at the world series of poker for 9 million