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Cornelius Drebbel
Early life
After several years at the Latin School in Alkmaar, in 1590, attended the academy in Haarlem Cornelis, including North-Holland. Teacher at the academy were Hendrick Goltzius, engraver, painter and humanist, Karel van Mander, painter, writer, humanist and Corneliszoon Cornelis of Haarlem. Cornelis was a skilful engraver.
In 1595 he married Sophia Jansdochter Goltz, sister of Hendrick. They had 4 children. In 1600 was Drebbel in Middelburg, where he built a well on the Noorderpoort. He met with Hans Lipperhey, drama manufacturer and designer of telescopes and his colleague Zacharias Jansen. It Drebbel learned lens grinding apparatus and optics. Around 1604 Drebbel family moved to England, probably at the invitation of the new king, James I of England (VI of Scotland). Drebbel also worked on the masks, to and execute on the court. And it is together at the courtyard of the Renaissance prince Henry. In 1610 Drebbel and family were invited in to the court of Emperor Rudolf II Prague come. After Rudolf's death in 1612, Drebbel went back to London. Unfortunately, his patron Prince Henry was dead, and Drebbel was in financial difficulties.
Drebbel legacy
First navigable submarine
In 1619 Drebbel designed and built telescopes and microscopes, and was in a construction project for the Duke of Buckingham involved. William Boreel, the Dutch ambassador in England mentioned, the microscope was developed by Drebbel. Drebbel was famous for his invention in 1621 by a microscope with two convex lenses. Several authors, including Christiaan Huygens to assign the invention of the compound microscope to Drebbel. However, a Neapolitan Fontana named, claimed the discovery for himself in 1618. Other sources attribute the invention of the compound microscope directly to Hans Jansen and his son Zachary to 1595th In 1624 Galileo sent a Drebbel microscope with Federico Cesi (1585-1630), a wealthy noble man in Rome, which illustrate Apiarum, his book about bees.
He also built the first navigable submarine in 1620 while working for the British Royal Navy. William Bourne design from 1578, he manufactured a steerable submarine with a leather-covered wooden frame. Between 1620 and 1624 Drebbel successfully built and tested two more submarines, each larger than the last. had the last (third) model 6 oars and could carry 16 passengers. This model was demonstrated King James I in person and several thousand Londoners. The submarine stayed for three hours under water and could from Westminster to Greenwich and back travel, cruises at a depth of 12-15 feet (4-5 meters). Drebbel even took James in this submarine on a test dive under the Thames, according to James I. the first monarch to travel underwater. The submarine was tested many times in the Thames, but they could not do enough to attract enthusiasm from the Admiralty and was never used in combat.
To re-oxygenate the air inside one or more of these submarines, he likely generated oxygen by heating saltpetre (potassium nitrate to make or sodium nitrate) in a metal pan, give off oxygen. That would also turn the nitrate in sodium or potassium oxide or hydroxide, which would tend to carbon dioxide to absorb from the air around. That may explain how Drebbel men not affected by carbon dioxide, would be expected as far as build. If so, he made a chance Crude rebreather nearly three centuries before the rivers and Davis. Drebbel had by the alchemist Michael Sendivogius (1566-1636) (perhaps if both were at the court of Rudolf II), taught the heat generated nitric oxygen (as the food of life). The most reliable source on what the use of oxygen, a note by Robert Boyle. In 1662 Boyle wrote that he had spoken with an excellent mathematician, who was still alive and had been on the submarine, the Drebbel a liquid chemical that quintessential Air, which would have the ability, the vital flame was replaced cherish living was said in the heart.
Drebbel most famous work was written Een kort Tractaet van de natuer By the simple (a brief treatise on the nature of the elements) (Haarlem, 1621). He was also involved in the invention of fulminate of mercury .. He had pointed out that mixtures of piritus vini with mercury and silver explode qua fortis could find
Drebbel also invented a chicken incubator and a mercury thermostat automatically held it at a constant temperature. This is one of the first recorded feedback-controlled units. He developed and demonstrated a working air conditioning. The invention of a Working Group thermometer is also ascribed Drebbel
Towards the end of his life, in 1633, Drebbel was a plan to drain the Fens involved around Cambridge, while his stay in the vicinity of poverty in a pub in England.
A small crater Drebbel was named after him.
A theory in Renaissance Magazine (Issue 53, March 2007) speculated that the Voynich manuscript may Drebbel Cipher's notebook on microscopy and alchemy.
Scarlet Dye
The story goes that during the preparation of colored liquid for a thermometer Cornelius a bottle of Aqua regia fell on a metal window sill, and as the story goes, discovered that stannous chloride makes the color much lighter and more durable carmine. The reality is that this innovation is one of many "planned inventions'of Drebbel was. Although the inventor himself never had much money from his work, his daughters Anna and Catherine, and his sons-in-law and John Abraham Kuffler Sibertus build a very successful dyeing. The recipe for "Color Kufflerianus" was kept a family secret and the new bright red color was all the rage in Europe.
Drebbel in popular Culture
Drebbel was honored in an episode of the cartoon Sealab 2021 during a submarine rescue of workers at a research station in the Arctic. A German U-boat captain, "came with the subtitle" mysteriously, fired a pistol in celebration at the mention of Drebbel to shouting, "Sieg Heil! Cornelius Drebbel "Even on the Sealab 2021 Season 3 DVD, Cornelius Drebbel has two DVD commentaries devoted to the history of his life. However, the first is very inaccurate and the Narrator of the second is easily distracted, so he spent most of the talking 11 minutes of comments, the languages of Northern Europe and the domestic policies of the Swiss.
Also , a representation of Cornelis Drebbel and his U-boat briefly in The Four Musketeers (1974) are seen. A small submersible pump leatherclad surfaces off the coast of England, and the top opens clamshell-revealing as Cornelius Drebbel and the Duke of Buckingham.
In the Dutch Eighty Years' War comic Gilles de Geus, Drebbel is a supporting character of the comics warhero Gilles. He is regarded as a typical mad inventor, much drawn as Q in the Bond series. His U-boat play a role in the Comic.
Notes
^ Drebbel site www.drebbel.net
^ The microscope – Design, construction and applications of FS Spiers
^ A Practical Treatise on the use of the microscope by John Quekett, John Thomas Quekett
^ Under the microscope, by William J. Croft
^ The Dawn of Microscopy, by David Bardell 2005 National Association of Biology Teachers.
^ Davis, RH (1955). Deep diving and submarine operations (6th ed) .. Tolworth, Surbiton, Surrey: Siebe Gorman & Company Ltd. S. 693rd
^ Acott, C. (1999). "A brief history of diving and decompression sickness.". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal 29 (2). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16,986,801th http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6004. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
^ King James VI and I
^ Cornelis Drebbel: inventor of the submarine "Dutch submarines http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/specials/special_drebbel.htm Accessed 02/23/2008….
^ Michael Sendivogius the alchemical letters from Michael Sendivogius the Rosicrucian Society, Holmes Publishing Group LLC, ISBN 155818404X
^ Een van de Kort Tractaet course, with the simple C Drebbel, 1621
^ Advanced main group chemistry (I) – rings, chains, clusters
^ F. Short. Ulminic Acid in the history of Organic Chemistry, J. Chem Educ. 2000, 77, 851
^ Scientific American. / Volume 5, Issue 50, 31 August 1850
^ Amy Butler Greenfield, A Perfect Red, Harper Collins 2005 ISBN 0-06-052275-5
^ Diary of Samuel Pepys
References
BBC Bio
Brett McLaughlin, Cornelis Drebbel and the First Submarine (1997)
LE Harris, The Two Dutch Humphrey Bradley and Cornelis Drebbel (Cambridge, 1961)
(Dutch) tijdgenooten FM Jaeger, Cornelis de Drebbel zijn, (Groningen, 1922)
Who was Cornelis J. Drebbel?
External Links
Drebbel Cornelis (1572 – 1633)
Cornelius Drebbel: Inventor the U-boat
Drebbel Institute for Mechatronics: Who was Cornelis J. Drebbel?
The Voynich manuscript: Drebbel's lost notebook?
Drebbel Website
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Groundbreaking submarines
Drebbel U-Boot (1620) Turtle (1775) Nautilus (1800) Brandtaucher (1850) HL Hunley (1863) Picot (1863) Ictineo II (1864) Submarino Peral (1888) gymnotus (1888) USS Holland (1897) German Type XXI (1944) USS Albacore (1953) USS Nautilus (1954) Zulu-class SSB (1955) USS Halibut (1960) USS Narwhal (1967) K-377 (1977)
Categories: 1572 births | 1633 deaths | Dutch inventors | People from North Holland | Submarine pioneers | People from AlkmaarHidden categories: Articles with hCards About the Author
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