http://www.pimp-your-poker.com/poker-table-nylon-felt/
Cue Sports
History
Inset from School of Sport, 1710th "We see from the engraving of the Billiards seventtenth of the Century that the game was very different than it is now. "
All cue sports are generally considered to have evolved into indoor games from outdoor stick-and-ball lawn games (retrospectively designated ground pool), and as such Trucco, croquet and golf are the name, and then remove the bowls and stickless Shells.
The first known mention of a form of the word "pool" appears in Edmund Spenser's Mother's Tale Hubberd in 1591, where he speaks of "all the games … can be found thriftles with dice, with cards, with balliards." The word "billiard" may have evolved from the French word Billart or tickets, which means "stick", in relation to the club, a reaction similar to a golf club, the forerunner of the modern cue was that the concept of origin may also have been Bille from French, meaning "ball". The modern term "Cue Sports "can include the traditional club games, and also the modern Cueless variants, such as finger billiards, for historical reasons." Cue came, "even in queue, the French word for tail. This refers to the early practice of using the tail of the club strike the ball when it against a rail cushion was.
A recognizable form of billiards was played outdoors in 1340, and reminded of croquet. King Louis XI of France (14611483) was the first known indoor pool table. Louis XIV further refined and popularized the game, and it quickly spread among the French nobility. While the game has been on the Ground have been played, this version appears in the dead 1600, in favor of croquet, golf and bowling, billiards table had while in popularity as an indoor activity grown. Mary, Queen of Scots, claimed that her "table de pool" has been away from what eventually Executioner (their bodies with the table cloth covered) will be accepted. In 1588 the Duke of Norfolk, had a "bill-board with a cloth yard Greene coered bill … three yard sticks and 11 balls yvery. Billiards grew to the extent of 1727, where it played in almost every Café Paris. In England the game was in a very popular activity for developing members of the nobility.
From 1670, began the thin end of the rear leg, are not only used for recording under the pillow (which itself was originally only there as a preventative method to stop balls from rolling off), but the players with increasing preference for other shots as well. The cue, as it is known today was finally developed by about 1800.
Originally the club was used to push the ball rather than strike them. The newly developed remarkably Cue is a new challenge. Cushions began to be filled with substances to recover the balls to improve the attractiveness of the game. After a transitional period, use only if the better players would cue, came the word, the first choice of equipment.
The demand for tables and other Equipment was initially met in Europe by John Thurston and other furniture makers of the era. Early balls were made of wood and clay, but prefers the rich, to use ivory.
Early billiard games included several pieces of additional equipment, including the "arch" (Based on the croquet tires), "port" (another tire) and "King" (a stick or cone in the vicinity of the arc) in the 1770s, but other game types that would be on the pillow (and eventually cut into the pockets), which formed the go, the central role in the development of modern play billiards.
Illustration of a three-ball pool game in the early 19th Century Tbingen, Germany, much with a table longer than the modern type.
The early croquet-like games eventually to the development of carom billiards or carambole Category, which means that most non-US-led and non-British speakers of the word "billiards". These games, which once complete the cue sports world but have mastered much in many areas over the last few generations back, are games played with three, sometimes four balls on a table without holes (and without obstacles or targets in most cases), in which the goal is usually an object ball with a cue-ball strikes have, then the white ball bounce off of one or more of the pillow and hit a second object ball. Variations include three-cushion, straight rail and balkline variants, cushion billiards, five-pin and four-ball, among others.
Over time, another kind of obstacle, initially as a threat, and later as a target in the form of pockets, holes or in part in the table bed cut and partly into the cushions to the rise of pocket billiards, especially "pool" games, popular around the world in forms such as Eight Ball, Nine Ball, Straight Pool and a own pocket in addition to numerous others. The terms "pool" and "Pocket Billiards" are now virtually interchangeable, especially in the USA. English billiards (what UK speakers almost always by the word "billiards") think is a hybrid carom / pocket game, and as such is quite likely the original ancestral Pocket billiards outgrowth of the close of 18 until the early 19th Century carom games.}
There are few more cheerful sight when the evenings are long and the weather is dull, as a handsome, well-lit billiard room, with the smooth, green surface of the pool table, the ivory balls fly silently here and there, or click together musically.
Harles Dickens Jr., (1889)
As a sport
At least have the games with regulated international professional competition as a "sport" or "sports" such events do not just "games"; comply since 1893. Quite a number of specific games (eg rules and equipment) are the subject of today's competition, many of whom have already mentioned, with extra-wide competition in nine-ball, snooker, three-band and eight-ball.
Snooker, though technically a pocket billiards variant and closely its equipment and its origin related to the game of English billiards, is a professional sports organization on an international level, and its rules bear little resemblance with those of pool games.
A "pool" category includes pool, snooker and carom was in the 2005 World Games in Duisburg, Germany, and instead presented the 2006 Asian Games also saw the introduction of a "Cue Sports" award.
Facilities
Main Category: Cue sports equipment
Billiard balls
Main article: pool balls
Pool Balls
Billiard balls vary from game to game, in size, Design and number. Carom billiard balls are bigger than billiard balls, and as a set of two cue balls are (plain or marked) and a colored ball (or two balls in the case of the game four ball). American-style billiard balls used in each pool game and found all over the world, in groups of two suits of balls, seven solid and seven stripes, an 8 ball and a ball coming, the balls are racked differently for different games (some of which do not set the whole ball). Blackball (English-style eight-ball) sets are similar, but have not identified groups of red (or blue) and yellow balls instead of solids and stripes, and are smaller than those in the U.S. Style, they are used mainly in Great Britain, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries, but not exclusively, since they are playing nine-ball inappropriate. Snooker balls are smaller than their American-style billiard balls, and come in groups of 22 (15 red, 6 Colors, and a white ball). Other Ball games have their own sets, such as Russian pyramid and bumper pool.
Billiard balls have been made of many materials the Start the game, including clay, bakelite was made of celluloid, crystallite, ivory, plastic, steel and wood. The dominant material from 1627 to the early 20th Century was ivory. The used search for a replacement for ivory was not for environmental concerns but based on economic motivation and fear of danger Elephant hunters. It was partly from a New York pool table manufacturer, the prize money of $ 10,000 announced for a replacement inspired material. The first viable Substitute was celluloid by John Wesley Hyatt discovered in 1868, but the material was volatile, sometimes exploding during manufacture and was highly flammable.
Tables
Main article: Billiards
Pool table with equipment.
There are many sizes and types of pool and billiard tables. Generally, tables are rectangles twice as long as they are wide. Most Billiard tables are known as 7 -, 8 – or 9-footers, referring to the length of the table long side. Full-size snooker and English billiard tables are 12 feet (3.7 m) long on the longest side. Pool halls usually have 9-foot (2.7 m) tables and cater to the serious pool players. Bars typically use 7-foot (2.1 m) tables, often with Coin. Earlier, 10-foot (3 m) tables were common, but such tables are now considered antique collectors items, a few, mostly from the late 1800s, can be found in pool halls from time to time. Ten-foot tables remain the standard size for carom billiard games. The slates on modern carom tables tend to turn heated moisture and provide a consistent playing surface.
The length of the pool table is usually A function of space, with many homeowners to buy an 8-foot (2.4 m) table as a compromise. High quality tables are mostly 4.5 x 9 ft (2.7 m). (Interior dimensions), prevented with a bed of three pieces of thick slate to warping and changes due to moisture. Small tables are usually a piece of slate. Pocket Billiards normally have six pockets, three on each side (four corner pockets and two side pockets).
Cloth
Main article: Baize
Women play on an elaborately decorated green-covered table in the early 1880s advertising poster.
All kinds of tables covered with billiard cloth (often called "felt", but actually a woven wool or wool / nylon mix called cloth). Material was used to billiards since the 15th to cover centuries. In fact, the predecessor company of the largest manufacturers of billiard cloth, Iwan Simonis was founded in 1453.
Bar or pub tables to play a lot, use "slower", more durable cloth. The canvas upper pool (billiards and snooker) warehouses and home billiard rooms used to be faster (ie provides less friction, so that the balls roll on over the table bed), and the competition-quality pool cloth is made of 100% Worsted wool. Snooker cloth traditionally has a nap (equivalent fiber directionality) and balls behave differently when compared versus vehicle with the naps.
The cloth of the billiard table is traditionally green, what its origin (originally the traditional grass lawn games), and has been recorded since the 16th Century color, but it is also produced in other colors such as red and blue.
The cloth has been said the most important part of the game, probably because of the reflection of the his game origin. The players were stubborn in the fact that the cloth should not be demolished. She made even women continue to use clubs were invented to cues for fear they would tear off the cloth with the sharper cue.
Rack
Main article: Rack (billiards)
A rack is the name of a frame (usually made of wood, plastic or aluminum) are used to organize billiard balls at the beginning of a game. This is traditionally the shape of a triangle, but varies with the type of billiards played. There are two main types of racks, the more triangular shape, is used for the eight-ball and straight pool, and the diamond-shaped rack for nine-ball.
Cues
Main article: Queue
Billiards games are mostly played with a stick called a cue. A cue is usually either in one piece tapered stick or a two-piece in the middle by a joint of metal or phenolic resin remain divided. High-quality cues are generally two pieces and are made of a hardwood, usually maple for billiards and ash for snooker made.
The rear end of the cue is of larger scale and is intended to adopt by the hand of a player. The shaft of the cue is of smaller circumference, usually tapering to a 0.4 to 0.55 inches (10 to 14 mm) terminus called a ferrule (usually fiberglass or brass better cues made), where a rounded leather tip is mounted flush with the sleeve, to make final contact with balls. The tip in connection with a chalk can turn around to give the white ball, if they are not taken in their midst.
Cheap signals are usually of pine, low-grade maple (and often used to Ramin, who is now at risk), or other inferior wood, with low-grade plastic Ferrules. A quality cue can be expensive and may consist of exotic woods and other expensive materials which are artfully placed in decorative patterns are. Many modern Cues are also made, such as golf clubs, with high-tech materials like carbon fiber. Experienced players can use more than one cue during a game, including a separate general easier word for the opening kick (because of cue speed obtained from a lighter stick) and another, shorter cue with a special tip for jump shots.
Mechanical bridge
The mechanical bridge sometimes called a "rake", "bridge-stick" or simply "bridge" and "rest" in the UK, is used reach extension of a player on a shot where the cue ball is too far away for a normal manual override. It consists of a rod with a grooved Metal or plastic head, the cue slides on. Many amateurs refuse to use the mechanical bridge on the knowledge to do that is so unmanly based. However, use many fans and most of the professionals of the bridge, where the intended host is required. Some players, especially current or former snooker player, a screw-cue butt extension instead of or in addition to use the mechanical bridge. Bridge head design is varied, and not all versions (especially those with cue shaft-enclosing Rings or wheels on the underside of the head) are on the whole tournament approval. In Italy, a longer, thicker cue is usually for this kind of tricky shot. Often they are in snooker in three forms, depending on interference and the player, the rest standard has a simple cross, the "spider" has increased Arc about 12 cm with three grooves to rest the cue in and for the most sensitive of the shots, the "Giraffe", which has a higher arc similar to the "spider" cm but with a slender arm reaching out around 15 with the groove.
Chalk
Chalk on the Head of the queues created.
Chalk is applied to the tip of the cue stick, ideally before each shot, increase the tip of the friction coefficient so that when it hit the white ball impact on a non-center, not a miscue (unintentional slippage between the cue tip and hit ball) occurs. Cue tip Chalk is not really the substance of the rule as "chalk" (usually calcium carbonate, also known as calcite or calcium carbonate), but a number of own Agents such as a silicate. "Chalk" may also refer a cone of fine, white hand chalk, such as talcum (powder) it can be used to reduce friction to reduce between the cue and bridge hand during shooting, be a smooth stroke. Some brands of hand chalk actually made of compressed Talk. (Tip chalk is not for use this because it abrasives, hand-staining and difficult to apply) Many players prefer a smooth pool glove over hand chalk or talcum powder because of this disorder;. Structure of particles on the cloth ball affects behavior and require more frequent cloth.
Cue tip chalk (invented in its modern form by straight rail billiard pro William A. Spindler and chemist William Hoskins in 1897) is by crushing silica and the abrasive Substance corundum or aluminum oxide (alumina) made into a powder. It is combined with dye (originally and usually green or blue-green, like traditional billiard Cloth, but is available today, as the cloth in many colors) and a binder (adhesive). Each manufacturer has different brand qualities that can significantly influence . Play High humidity can also affect the effectiveness of the Cretaceous. Harder, are dry compounds in general as superior to most players.
Major games (carom and pocket)
Carom Billiards in a Paris cafe.
Main article: Carom billiards and pocket billiards
There are two varieties of billiard games: carom and pocket. The main carom billiards games are straight Billiards, balkline and three cushion billiards. All are played on a pocketless table with three balls, two cue ball and object ball. In all, players shoot a white Ball so that contact with the opponent's ball and the object ball.
The most popular of the large number of pocket games are eight-ball, Nine-ball, a pocket, bank pool, snooker and the old guard, straight pool. In eight-ball and nine-ball, the goal is to sink balls, until a legally pocket the winning eponymous "Money Ball". Well-known but waning popularity is straight pool, in which the players try to continue sinking balls, rack after rack if they, for achieving a predetermined score wins (usually 150). Reference to nine ball is another known game rotation, where the lowest object ball must be counted on the table first defeated, although any object ball may be sunk (ie, combination shot). Any pocketed ball is worth his number, and the player with the highest score at the end of the rack is the winner. Since there are only 120 points available (1 + 2 + 3 + 15 = 120), scoring 61 points leaves no opportunity for opponents to catch up. In both One-pocket and bank pool must, players drop a set number of balls, each a specialist in any specific or all of bank shots. In snooker, players score by alternately potting red balls and various special "paint balls".
You play billiards with a keyword and a Woman with leg, appears on an illustration in Michael Phelan's 1859 book "The Game of Billiards.
Straight rail or straight billiards
Main article: Balkline and straight rail
In straight rail, a player scores a point and can further Recordings every time his ball in contact with the other two balls.
Although a difficult and subtle game, some of the best players Billiards just developed the ability to balls in a corner or along the same track for the purpose of playing a series of shots of the guests a nurse seemingly unlimited number of points collected.
The first straight rail professional tournament was held in 1879 where Jacob Schaefer, Sr. scored 690 points in a single train (ie, 690 separate strokes without a miss). With the balls repeatedly beaten and barely moving in endless "nursing" there was little to watch for the fans.
Balkline
Main article: Balkline and straight rail
In light of these phenomenal skill developments in straight rail, the game of balkline soon developed that it is impossible for a player to the balls in a section of the table collected to keep long, strongly limit the effectiveness of nurse shots. A balkline (not head line to confuse the game of English billiards is one) is a line parallel to one end of a billiard table. In the games balkline of 18.1 and 18.2 (pronounced "eighteen-point-two") balkline among other obscure versions, players have at least one object ball past a balkline set at 18 inches (460 mm) drive from each rail, after one or two Points were achieved, respectively.
Three-cushion billiards
Main article: Carom Billiards # Three Three Cushion Billiards
A more elegant solution was three cushion billiards, which a player's contact with the other two balls on the table to make pillows and three rail unions in the process. This is difficult enough that even the best players can only manage an average of one to two points per round.
English Billiards
Main article: English Billiards
Dating to around 1800, is a mixture of English between billiards carom billiards and pool on a 6-foot (1.8 m), played by 12-foot (3.7 m) table. Like most carom games, it requires two cue balls and a red Object ball. The goal of the game is to score with a fixed number of points or most points in a given period, determined at the start of the game.
Points are awarded for:
Two-ball cannons: striking both the ball and the other (opponent) play ball on the same shot (2 Points)
Winning hazards: potting the red ball (3 points), casting the other ball (2 points)
Losing risks (or "in-offs"): potting own game ball from canyoning From another ball (3 points if the red ball was hit first, 2 points if the other ball was hit first, or if the red ball and others were "split", that affected the same time).
Snooker
Main article: Snooker
Snooker is a pocket billiards game of British officers in India in the 19th Century were stationed. The name of the game has been generalized to describe one of his heyday strategies enemy to "snooker" the Caused by players for players foul or leaving an opening to use.
In the United Kingdom is by far the most popular snooker Cue Sports on the competitive level. It is played in many other countries. Snooker is far rarer in the U.S., where pool to dominate games like eight-ball and nine ball. The First International Snooker Championship was held in 1927 and has since been held annually with few exceptions. The World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA) was Founded in 1968 to regulate the professional game, while the International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF) regulates the amateur games.
Eight-Ball
Main article: Eight-ball
Eight Ball Rack
In the United States is the most played game eight ball. The target of eight ball, played with a full rack of fifteen balls and the cue is entitled to a suit (stripes or solids in general, the U.S., and red or yellow in the UK), pocket all of them, then legally pocket the 8 ball, while the to deny opponents of ways to do the same with their suit and without sinking the 8 ball early by accident. On the professional scene, eight-ball players on the International Pool Tour (IPT) of the highest paid player in the world from 2006 (IPT almost folded in 2007 and from 2008 attempts a comeback). In the UK the game is often played in pubs, and it is competitive in leagues on both sides of the Atlantic played. The most prestigious tournaments including the World Open are sponsored and sanctioned by the International Pool Tour. Rules vary from place to place (and between continents to such an extent that British-style eight ball pool / black ball is really a separate game in its own right considered). Pool Halls in North America are increasingly settling in the World Pool-Billiard Association International standardized rules. But tavern Eight-Ball (also known as "Bar Pool "), and usually on smaller, coin-operated tables and in a" winner keeps the table "manner played well into double or even between locations differ in the same city. The growth of local, regional and national amateur leagues may alleviate this confusion eventually.
Nine-Ball
Main article: Nine-Ball
Nine-ball uses only 1-9 balls and cue ball. There is a rotation game: The players at the table must make legal contact with the lowest numbered ball on the table or a foul is called. The game is by legally pocketing won the nine ball. Nine-Ball is the predominant professional game, although there are some suggestions from 20062008 to change this, to the ten ball last. [Clarification] There are many local and regional tours and tournaments contested with nine ball. The World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA), and U.S. subsidiary of the Billiard Congress of America (BCA), the world publish uniform rules. The European professional circuit has introduced rule changes, particularly to That make it difficult to reach a legal offense. The largest are nine ball tournaments, the independent U.S. Open Nine-ball Championship and the WPA World Nine-ball Championship for men and women. Male professionals have a rather fragmented schedule of professional nine ball tournaments. The United States Professional Pool Players Association (UPA) is the dominant club of the 1990s and 2000s have been. A highly competitive event is the annual Mosconi Cup which pits invitational European and U.S. teams against each other in one-on-one and scotch doubles nine-ball matches over a period of several days. The Mosconi Cup games are played under the stricter European rules, as of 2007.
Three-ball
Main article: Three-ball
A variant with only three balls, played in general, so that the players at the turn continues shooting until all balls are sunk, and the players have the least in the shots wins. The game can be of two or more players to play. Donates a few fouls for both nine and eight ball.
One Bag
Main article: One Case
One Pocket is a strategic game for two players. Each player is assigned one of the corner pockets on the table. This is the only pocket into which he can legally pocket balls. The first player to pocket the majority of the balls (8) in his pocket wins the game. The game requires much more defensive strategy than offensive strategy, much the same as an eight-ball, nine-ball or straight pool. It has been said [evasive words] that when eight-ball stones, a bag Chess is. This statement can be verified by the observation of a lot a bag. Most times select, experienced players to position balls near their bag instead of trying to actually pocket them. This allows them to take control of the game forces the opponent on defense are, rather than a small percentage of income, can lead to a loss of the game. These low percentage shots are known as the "Flyer" from a bag lovers.
Bank Pool
Main article: Bank pool
Bank pool has been gaining in popularity in recent years. Bank pool can be played with a full rack (can be a long game), but more usually with nine balls (frequently called "Nine-Ball-Bank") is played. The Balls are broken into nine ball formation, but in no particular order. The goal of the game is simple: the first player to bank five balls in any order (eight balls, when played with a full rack). Penalties and fouls are similar to a case in which the player committed the foul is a foul ball for every need on site. This must be before the incoming player shoots to be done.
List of cue sports
Carom billiards
Main Category: Carom Billiards
Artistic Billiards
Balkline games (18.1, 18.2, etc.)
Cowboy pool (a hybrid carom / pocket game)
English Billiards (other hybrids)
Five-pins
Four-Ball (yotsudama, sagu)
Straight-rail
Three-cushion billiards
Pool (pocket billiards) games
Main Category: Pool
Artistic Pool
Bank pool (banks, nine banks Ball)
Baseball pocket billiards
Vote against British and eight ball pool
Bottle pool
Bowlliards
Chicago
Chinese eight ball
Cowboy Pool (Hybrid)
Cribbage Pool
Murderous
Eight-Ball (Stripes and solids, heights and depths)
English Billiards (Hybrid)
Same offense
Irish standard pool
Kelly Pool (pill / pea pool)
Killer
Nine-Ball
One Bag
Poker pool (hybrid)
Rotation
Russian pyramid
Seven-Ball
Seven-Card Ball
Cone pool variants (pin Pool)
Snooker (see below; the vernacular as a separate Sport, not a pool-view version)
Speed Pool
Straight Pool (also known as "14.1 continuous ")
Line-up Straight Pool
Ten-ball
Three-ball
Trick Shot Competition
Snooker Games
Main Category: Snooker
Snooker
Six Red Snooker
American Snooker
Sinuca Brasileira
Snooker Plus
Billiards Golf (and its variant, the around the world)
Obstacle billiards games
Main Category: Obstacle billiards
Bagatelle
Bar Billiards
Bumper Pool
Bottle pool, pool plug (pin pool), and five pins are vestigially classifiable here
Cueless and / or ball-less developments
Hand and finger-billiards pool (no cues)
Crud
Carrom (uses small disks instead of balls, and some versions use miniature cues, others no evidence at all)
Novuss (a variant, the full-size cues used)
Crokinole (some variants of this combination of shuffleboard and carrom using miniature Cues)
See also
Commons to: Billiards
Glossary of cue sports terms
BCA Hall of Fame
Hustling
Cue sports techniques
References
^ "Recognized sport". www.olympic.org Official Website of the Olympic Movement. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Olympic Committee. 2009 [copyright date]. S. "Sport" section. http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/recognized/. Accessed 01/06/2009.
^ "WCBS". Billiard WCBS.org. Lausanne: World Confederation of Billiard Sports. 2005 [last known year update]. Page homepage and even the name of the organization. http://www.billiard-wcbs.org/. Accessed 01/06/2009.
^ Charles Knight's "Old England. A Pictorial History Museum "(1845), in from old books Accessed 27 December 2006.
^ Stein and Rubino, Paul, Victor (1996). The Billiard Encyclopedia: An Illustrated History of Sport (2nd Ed.). Blue Book Publications, June 1996. ISBN 1-886768-06-4. Specific page reference needed
^ Bennet, Joseph (1984). Cavendish. ed. Billiards (6th Ed. Ed.). London: T. de la Rue. P. ii. OCLC 12,788,362th http://books.google.com/books?id=aMkLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR2 # V = Onepage & q = & f = false. Retrieved 25th August 2009.
^ ABCDEFGHIJKLM Everton, Clive (1986). The history of the Snooker and Billiards (rev. Ver. The history of billiards and snooker, published 1979.). Haywards Heath, United Kingdom: Partridge Pr S. 811th ISBN 1-8522-5013-5.
^ Charles Dickens Jr. (April 13, 1889). "Billiards". Throughout the year, (London: Charles Dickens and Evans, Crystal Palace Press) 64: 349 OCLC 1479125th
^ "Meeting of the Champions, The Big pool tournament to start tomorrow What Ives, Schaefer, and Slosson were in practice do not the older players from the Big Fear Runs by Ives about the rise and progress of the young "Napoleon" of the Billiard World, "no source, The New York Times, 12/10/1893, p. 10, The New York Times Company, New York, NY, USA.
^ Shamos, Michael Ian (1993). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards. New York, NY: Lyons & Burford. Pages: various. ISBN 1-55821-219-1.
^ The New York Times Company (September 16, 1875). Explosive teeth. Retrieved 2nd January 2007.
From ^ Shamos, Michael Ian (1991). Pool. Hotho & Co., June 1991. ISBN 99938-704-3-9.
^ "The World's most tragic Man Is the One Who Never Starts", Clark, Neil M., originally in the American magazine, May published in 1927, published in Hotwire: The Newsletter of the Toaster Museum Foundation, vol. 3, no. 3, accessed online edition 24th February 2007. The piece is largely an interview of Hoskins.
Abcd ^ U.S. Patent 0,578,514, 9 March 1897
^ "Fused", ChemIndustry.com database, retrieved 24, 2007.
^ "Substance Summary: alumina, PubChem Database, National Library of Medicine, U.S. National Institutes of Health, accessed 24th February 2007.
^ From Varner, Nick (February 2008). "Killing Me Softly: The outbreak of the Soft Break Threatens. the game of 9-Ball Billiards Digest (Chicago, Illinois: Luby Publishing) 30 (3): p. 3435 ISSN 0164-761x ..
^ From Panozzo, Mike (February 2008). "Long Live the Cup!". Billiards Digest (Chicago, Illinois: Luby Publishing) 30 (3): p. 3435th ISSN 0164-761x.
Alciatore, David G. ("Dr. Dave") (August 2004). The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing. ISBN 1-4027-1428-9. http://billiards.colostate.edu/book/book_description.html.
Byrne, Robert (1998). Byrne's New Standard Book of Pool and Billiards. New York: Harcourt Brace & Co. ISBN 0-15-100325-4.
External Links
Organizations
World Pool-Billiard Association (EPA) approved the International Olympic Committee Herald international rules for a variety of cue sports.
Billiard Congress of America (BCA) of the U.S. national WPA affiliate
History
"The Billiards Family [Games] on the Online Guide to Traditional Games, contains information about the early history of the sport based
"A Brief history of the noble Billiards, "by Michael Ian Shamos (a BCA-published summary of Shamos-depth research on the topic)
Technical information
"The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards" by Prof. David G. Alciatore technical billiards physics materials (And online classes and demonstrations)
"Physics of Billiards" resource list by Regis Petit.
CueTable billiard map software
News sources
Billiards Digest Magazine
Inside Pool Magazine
AZBilliards e-magazine
Pool Accessories E-Magazine
vde
Cue Sports
Pool
Nine-ball Eight-ball One-pocket Straight Pool Bank pool Blackball Baseball pocket billiards Bottle pool Chicago Cowboy pool Cribbage pool Golf pool Kelly pool Rotation Ten-ball Three-ball more
Carom Billiards
Three-cushion Artistic billiards Five-pins & straight rail Cushion Billiards Balkline Four-ball more
Other Games
Snooker Billiards English Russian pyramid Bumper pool Bagatelle Carrom Novuss more
Resources
Glossary Techniques Billiard ball Billiard hall Cue Rack Players Organizations Events Categories
Categories: Cue sports Hidden categories: All pages require cleanup | Wikipedia articles need to be clarified from February 2008 | All articles with specially marked Weasel worded phrases | Articles with specifically marked weasel-phrases taken from June 2008
About the Author
I am a professional writer from China Computer Parts, which contains a great deal of information about lighter belt buckles , spinner belt buckles, welcome to visit!
|
|
10 Foot Section of High Quality Green Cotton Speed Cloth by Brybelly. Great for Any Poker Table Build! $29.99 This is casino grade olive green speed cloth in a Diamond Suit Pattern. It is used for high quality poker tables and black jack tables. Speed Cloth is the preferred dealing surface for professional dealers. Cards slide with ease when dealing on Speed cloth. The sharp suited diamond design will give your custom built poker table the look and feel that you have always wanted. This cloth is 60 Inch… |
|
|
10 Foot Section of High Quality Blue Cotton Speed Cloth. Great for Any Poker Table Build! $29.99 This is casino grade royal blue speed cloth in a Diamond Suit Pattern. It is used for high quality poker tables and black jack tables. Speed Cloth is the preferred dealing surface for professional dealers. Cards slide with ease when dealing on Speed cloth. The sharp suited diamond design will give your custom built poker table the look and feel that you have always wanted. This cloth is 60 Inche… |
|
|
10 Foot Section of High Quality Red Polyester Speed Cloth. Great for Any Poker Table Build! $39.99 This is casino grade red speed cloth in a Diamond Suit Pattern. This is our Polyester speed cloth which is made for ultra efficient dealing! It is used for high quality poker tables and black jack tables. Speed Cloth is the preferred dealing surface for professional dealers. Cards slide with ease when dealing on Speed cloth (especially made from 100% Polyester). The sharp suited diamond design wil… |
